精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)常用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化工(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用歷史，我國早 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)元(yuan)(yuan)朝就在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)白酒生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開(kai)始應用。精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)將生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所(suo)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)混(hun) 合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)，利(li)用精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)按照混(hun)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)揮發度，實現(xian)混(hun)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效分(fen)(fen)離(li) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)項工(gong)業(ye)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)利(li)用精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)業(ye)，利(li)用 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)與(yu)(yu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)逆流(liu)(liu)二相(xiang)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動量(liang)(liang)、熱(re)量(liang)(liang)和(he)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞，實現(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu) 質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效分(fen)(fen)離(li)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般不(bu)(bu)(bu)需要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)其(qi)(qi)(qi)它(ta)組分(fen)(fen)，從分(fen)(fen)離(li)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度看， 精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)合(he)理(li)(li)而(er)(er)(er)簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)離(li)手段(duan)，但(dan)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)又(you)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種需要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)熱(re)和(he)冷凝(ning)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)實際應用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)，導致生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)能(neng)源消(xiao) 耗(hao)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)二個因素(su)使人們對精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)“又(you)愛又(you)恨"。因此開(kai)展(zhan)對降(jiang)低精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)能(neng)源消(xiao)耗(hao)問題(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)，即所(suo)謂綠(lv)色(se)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)目(mu)(mu)前研究(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 熱(re)點之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。 根(gen)據(ju)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)方式(shi)(shi)，精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)連續精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)間(jian)(jian)歇(xie)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)；根(gen)據(ju)混(hun)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 組分(fen)(fen)數，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)二元(yuan)(yuan)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)多(duo)(duo)元(yuan)(yuan)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)；根(gen)據(ju)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)混(hun)合(he)物(wu)(wu)(wu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)入(ru)(ru)影響 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平衡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)添加(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)，可(ke)(ke)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)普通精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)特殊精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)（包括萃(cui)取(qu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)、共 沸精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)外場下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)）。若(ruo)(ruo)伴有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)化學反(fan)應，則稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)反(fan)應精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)。 由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程必(bi)須是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)汽液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)（氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)）共存條件進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，故精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)設(she)備 又(you)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)-液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備，是(shi)(shi)(shi)化工(gong)及相(xiang)關過(guo)(guo)(guo)程工(gong)業(ye)應用最多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)備之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)， 氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)-液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備型式(shi)(shi)類別眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)，主(zhu)要(yao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)。 填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)造(zao)比(bi)較(jiao)(jiao)簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓筒形(xing)(xing)，兩(liang)端有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)封(feng)頭，并(bing)裝 有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)相(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)、出(chu)口接(jie)管(guan)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備，主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)提供潤(run)濕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面使氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兩(liang)相(xiang)達(da)到良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)空塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)放入(ru)(ru)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding) 形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)散堆也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)整砌而(er)(er)(er)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)支(zhi)承 裝置(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)床層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)限位裝置(zhi)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了使液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)均勻地噴(pen)淋(lin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)內設(she)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)布裝置(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從 塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)頂(ding)(ding)噴(pen)淋(lin)而(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，沿(yan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面呈(cheng)膜狀流(liu)(liu)動，自(zi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)底(di)(di)排(pai)出(chu)；而(er)(er)(er)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)則從塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta) 底(di)(di)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)(ru)，自(zi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)而(er)(er)(er)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)流(liu)(liu)動，與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)膜接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，然(ran)后自(zi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta) 頂(ding)(ding)排(pai)出(chu)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)向(xiang)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)壁流(liu)(liu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)向(xiang)(壁流(liu)(liu)效應)，故當 填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)較(jiao)(jiao)高時，需將其(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)段(duan)，每(mei)兩(liang)段(duan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)收(shou)集裝置(zhi)和(he) 再分(fen)(fen)布裝置(zhi)。 填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡(jian)(jian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)，而(er)(er)(er)且(qie)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)處理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)大(da)、流(liu)(liu)動阻(zu)力(li)(li)小(xiao)和(he) 便(bian)于(yu)(yu)用耐腐蝕材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)制(zhi)造(zao)等(deng)優點，尤其(qi)(qi)(qi)適用于(yu)(yu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)直徑較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況及要(yao)求 壓(ya)降(jiang)較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真空蒸餾(liu)(liu)(liu)系統。 板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)型很(hen)多(duo)(duo)，最早在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)工(gong)業(ye)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)應用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)泡(pao)(pao)罩(zhao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(1813 年(nian))和(he) 篩板(ban)(ban)(ban)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(1832 年(nian))，隨著石油化學工(gong)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)，先后出(chu)現(xian)了許多(duo)(duo)新(xin)型 塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)，如(ru)浮閥塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)、波紋篩板(ban)(ban)(ban)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)、斜孔篩板(ban)(ban)(ban)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)、多(duo)(duo)降(jiang)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)和(he)固定(ding)(ding)閥塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)等(deng)。 板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)，它(ta)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)逐級接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)式(shi)(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)-液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)設(she)備，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban) 上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)(liang)好與(yu)(yu)否和(he)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)及氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兩(liang)相(xiang)相(xiang)對流(liu)(liu)動情(qing)況有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。 上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)由(you)(you)降(jiang)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)流(liu)(liu)至塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，并(bing)經過(guo)(guo)(guo)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)由(you)(you)另一(yi)(yi)(yi)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang) 液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)流(liu)(liu)至下(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)。而(er)(er)(er)下(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)升(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(或蒸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi))經塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 鼓泡(pao)(pao)元(yuan)(yuan)件，以(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓泡(pao)(pao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)穿過(guo)(guo)(guo)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，并(bing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)此進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接(jie) 觸(chu)(chu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。離(li)開(kai)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)繼續升(sheng)至上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，再次進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu) 傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。由(you)(you)此經過(guo)(guo)(guo)若(ruo)(ruo)干(gan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)多(duo)(duo)次的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)和(he)分(fen)(fen)離(li)，最終達(da) 到要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鼓泡(pao)(pao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高度由(you)(you)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)兩(liang)相(xiang)流(liu)(liu) 量(liang)(liang)而(er)(er)(er)定(ding)(ding)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)和(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)量(liang)(liang)已定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)(xia)(xia)，鼓泡(pao)(pao)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高度隨氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)而(er)(er)(er)變。 通常在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)形(xing)(xing)成三種不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)狀態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)間(jian)(jian)，靠近塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)底(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)屬(shu)鼓 泡(pao)(pao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)表(biao)面屬(shu)泡(pao)(pao)沫(mo)(mo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)方空間(jian)(jian)屬(shu)霧(wu)(wu)沫(mo)(mo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。這三種狀態(tai)(tai) 都能(neng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用，其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)泡(pao)(pao)沫(mo)(mo)狀態(tai)(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)良(liang)(liang)好。 當氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)不(bu)(bu)(bu)很(hen)大(da)時，塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)鼓泡(pao)(pao)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠理(li)(li)想。隨著氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)增(zeng)大(da)至一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)值，泡(pao)(pao)沫(mo)(mo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)明顯改善，相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)霧(wu)(wu)沫(mo)(mo)夾(jia)帶 量(liang)(liang)雖有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)，但(dan)還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)至于(yu)(yu)影響傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)。如(ru)果(guo)(guo)(guo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)超過(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)范圍，則 霧(wu)(wu)沫(mo)(mo)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)顯著增(zeng)大(da)，霧(wu)(wu)沫(mo)(mo)夾(jia)帶過(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)，嚴重影響傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi) 塔(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)(ta)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)須在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)和(he)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)速(su)下(xia)(xia)(xia)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，才能(neng)達(da)到良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)效果(guo)(guo)(guo)。 精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)餾(liu)(liu)(liu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術(shu)雖然(ran)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)應用廣泛，但(dan)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)和(he)動能(neng) 三種傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞過(guo)(guo)(guo)程同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，是(shi)(shi)(shi)化工(gong)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)元(yuan)(yuan)操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。